Showing posts with label renewable. Show all posts
Showing posts with label renewable. Show all posts

Friday, October 17, 2014

Global Investment in Renewable Energy France

Continuing with our list from December 2011 (archive) next up we have France

Renewable sources such as biomass and hydro participate to a significant extent of France’s energy mix. However, France is developing policies aimed at a more diversified mix which includes increasing wind and photovoltaic electricity, solar energy for heat and biofuels. France also has the second largest potential in the European Union in terms of wind energy and a very good potential in terms of solar and geothermal energy.

Learn more about renewable energy in France here.

Policies


Here are a few of France’s renewable energy policy plans (for more info, please click here):



Tax Credits – In 2005, tax credits were set up (50% since 2006) for equipments using renewable energy source. This is now called the sustainable development tax credit regime and is extended to 2012.

General Tax on Polluting Activities – Operators who incorporate levels of biofuels inferior to the anticipated national objectives must acquit, according to the 2005 Financial Law a supplementary payment of General Tax on polluting activities. The rate of the tax decreases according to the amount of biofuels put on the market.


Motives

France faces an energy import dependency close to average EU levels, with the majority of imports being oil.

The share of gas, also imported, has been steadily increasing in recent years.

Electricity production in France is dominated by nuclear energy which amounts approximately to 77% (2007).



Renewable Energy Availability

The level of production of large-scale and small-scale hydropower installations combined to represent 59,712 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of the total 64,439 GWh.


The second and third principal sources are biowaste (1,671 GWh) and solid biomass (1,371 GWh).


Solar power demonstrates an average annual growth of 90% (between 1997 and 2004), and for onshore wind power this figure is 58%.


Stay tuned for the final country coming up!
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about renewable energy - Knowledge Is Power! For more information go to www.endeavorscorp.com or write to us at info@endeavorscorp.com if you have questions or want to get involved. Have a green day!
Sources: EREC, ERECEREC, Europa, Bloomberg New Energy Finance and United Nations Environment Programme (2011)
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Sunday, October 12, 2014

Renewable energy sources in United States – Full overview



Fossil fuels still dominate primary energy consumption in United States but the popularity of renewable energy sources continues to grow. According to a latest report from Worldwatch Institute U.S. invested more than $50 billion in renewable energy sources in 2011.

There are various reasons behind this huge investment. Renewable energy sources do not only ensure diversified energy portfolio that can reduce nations heavy dependence on foreign fuel import but they also provide us with an environmentally acceptable energy option, one that can be quite helpful against climate change. 

Fossil fuels, when burn, release harmful greenhouse gas emissions, which leads to global warming and rapidly growing climate change impact. Using more renewable energy sources instead of solely relying on fossil fuels therefore means improving environmental condition of our planet, and reducing the negative effects of climate change. 

Sadly, if we look at global energy consumption we can see that renewable energy sources are way behind fossil fuels, with many energy experts estimating that fossil fuels will likely remain dominant energy sources for the foreseeable future.

At the end of 2010 renewable energy sources accounted for 11.1 percent of energy produced in United States. The list of most important renewable energy sources in United States includes: hydropower, wind power, solar power, geothermal power and biomass.

Hydropower is renewable energy source that has long tradition in United States. It is currently the most important renewable energy source in the country, with around 7 percent of nations total power being produced by hydroelectric power plants. Hydroelectric plants arent necessarily connected with a large dam as in recent times we can see some hydroelectric power plants that just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine. Hydropower is not 100% environmentally friendly source of energy but when compared with environmental damage done by fossil fuels, its environmental impact is minimal, especially in correlation with current regulations and new environmental policies Hydropower, beside being reliable and one of the most cost-competitive renewable energy sources, can also provide some other important services beside generating electricity like irrigation, recreation, water supply, etc.

Wind power was for many years the fastest growing renewable energy source in the country, and has only recently being left behind solar power in terms of growth. U.S. was also for many years, global wind energy leader in terms of capacity, but in the last two years it trails China, as it cannot follow Chinas rapid pace. The U.S. states which lead the way in wind energy development are Texas, Iowa and California. Texas is also the home to the worlds largest wind farm, namely the Roscoe Wind Farm with the capacity of 780 MW. At the end of the 2011 wind power in the U.S. provided enough electricity to satisfy the need of almost ten million U.S. homes. The insecurity about the renewal of wind energy tax credit is hurting U.S. wind energy industry but regardless of this wind energy should still remain one of the top renewable energy sources in the country.

Solar power industry is the fastest growing industry in the country with many states offering significant incentives for solar energy systems. The prices of solar panels have fell by more than 40% in the last few years and solar power is more popular than ever before. However, even despite this strong growth, solar power still satisfies less than 1% of total U.S. energy needs. The sunny state of California is the leading U.S. state in installed solar power capacity with the capacity of over 500 megawatts. U.S. is still not the largest photovoltaic market in the world as it trails the leader Germany.

U.S. is the world leader in both installed capacity of geothermal energy as well as in the generation of electricity from geothermal energy. Geothermal power has half of century old history in United States with the first geothermal power plant opened at The Geysers in California, back in 1960. Geothermal power plants are concentrated in the West, and most geothermal power is generated using steam or hot water from underground. Geothermal energy currently meets less than 1% of U.S. power needs though some studies have showed that just western states have the potential to provide over 20 percent of national electricity needs. California leads the way in geothermal capacity, followed by Nevada.

The use of biomass is growing in United States, and currently provides about 4% of the total energy used in the country. Biomass does not only play the important role as a renewable energy source that generates electricity but can be also considered as a vital part of U.S. waste management infrastructure. The largest biomass energy resource in U.S. is still wood, followed by waste. Biomass power has great potential because it has origin in plant sources meaning that it can potentially be produced almost anywhere in the United States (plants can be re-grown time and time again on the same piece of land).

Renewable energy is still to achieve full renaissance in United States. The clean energy industry is still in need of government and state incentives in order to remain competitive with fossil fuels. The clean energy future still looks many years away but its definitely a reachable goal. However, U.S. will have to significantly improve its renewable energy policy with federal renewable energy standard as the preferred thing to start with.
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Friday, October 10, 2014

Paper Presentation On Renewable Energy Resources

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Monday, October 6, 2014

Recent Trends In Renewable Energy Resources

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Sunday, October 5, 2014

Renewable Energy Proven Technology Throughout History

As time continues to move forward we often forget to look back and remember where things began. Although significant, our historical reliance on renewable energy and the impact advancements in this area had are often forgotten. A brief look at some of the most significant and interesting examples of this reliance follows.  Perhaps we had it right the first time!

Wind Power

Perhaps one of the most iconic symbols of renewable energy throughout history, the windmill has had a long history of innovation. This innovation has developed the windmill from a single use energy source in the 10th century, to the highly technical and versatile wind turbines we see today. Although the use of windmills dates back 2000 years in some regions of the world, the first documented case of a windmill being used for pumping water and grinding grain is in Persia during the 10th century. This innovation was soon developed to a fuller extent around the 15th century in Western Europe. Near the end of the 16th century, the windmill reached its most efficient state in the Netherlands. Driven by a need for land reclamation, these windmills were the largest and most efficient ever created. Able to grind grain and spices, saw wood, and pump water, these windmills were vital for the very survival of Dutch people. Without windmills to pump water from the land, these farmers would have had no means to generate crops. With the emergence of steam engines in the 19th century, dependence on windmills gradually decreased.


However, in the pioneer setting of the US windmill technology was further developed. Sparked by the first commercially successful windmill, created by Daniel Halladay in 1854, the use of windmills in the US saw even further technological advancement. Halladay’s windmill was the first with a self-governing design, able to rotate to match the direction of wind. Soon after this innovation, further innovations occurred and the windmill saw widespread adoption.  Primarily used for pumping water, the smaller windmill reached six million installations in the US alone from 1850 to 1970. With the first windmill capable of generating electricity being built in the US during 1888 by Charles F. Brush, the use of electricity generating windmills reached commercial success in the early 20th century. With the Jacobs Wind Electric Company pioneering the way in 1927, hundreds of thousands of wind electric systems were in place in the US by the 1940s; providing off the grid rural farmers with a source of electricity cheaper than gasoline fired generators. However, as the energy needs of these farmers increased, the extension of major electrical grids to rural areas displaced the need for wind generators. Once again, reliance on windmills deteriorated due to the cheaper electrical producing abilities of petroleum fired power plants.


 

Wind energy is also responsible for an innovation that shaped the very presence of humans around the world. The use of sail power led to an unprecedented era of exploration and trade. Perhaps one of the earliest applications of any energy source for human purposes, Egyptian people utilized sails for transportation along the Nile River as far back as 3500 B.C.E. Gradually developing over the centuries to larger ships and more efficient sails, the Romans and other civilizations began to utilize sail power on a large scale for trade and transportation in the Mediterranean. During this time, ship designs became larger and were able to move more goods and travel further. The first to use sail power for global exploration, Vikings were able to travel unprecedented distances with sail powered ships around 1000 C.E; reaching North America for the first time. Although this exploration occurred for the next few centuries, it was not until the late 16th century that the sail had the most significant effect on the world. The combination of exploration, warfare, and trade on a large scale, from the 16th century to the mid 19th century, witnessed one of largest migrations of people in history. Without the aid of wind powered ships, this migration would not have been possible on the same scale, if at all. As with many historical innovations involving renewable power, the emergence of a fossil fuel alternative led to the end of wind power dominance. In 1862, during the Battle of Hampton Roads, the C.S.S Virginia was able to prove its complete dominance over wind powered vessels. Completely destroying two large sailing ships, this iron-clad, steam engine powered ship changed the face of naval warfare. Soon after, the use of wooden sailing ships dwindled as the benefits of versatile and stronger steam powered ships were exploited.



Hydro Power

Another technology that has seen a history of innovation much like that of the windmill is the watermill, or waterwheel. With some of the earliest documented uses occurring in 100-200 B.C.E, the basic concept of the waterwheel has been widely changed and adapted to the current equivalent of hydroelectric dams.  Being adopted by the Romans for crushing grain, sawing wood, tanning leather, smelting iron, and other processes, the watermill quickly made its way across continental Europe. Emerging independently in Ancient China around 100 C.E, the waterwheel was also utilized for purposes of crushing grain and forging iron. A few centuries later, the emergence of waterwheels in the Middle East had also made a major impact. By the 11th century, waterwheels were being used for industrial purposes in all Islamic regions. Remaining competitive with steam engines during the industrial revolution, the limited accessibility of waterwheels eventually rendered watermills uncompetitive. Although this technology did not survive competing against cheaper sources of electricity, the basic concept of the waterwheel has survived in today’s hydraulic turbines. With the first commercial scale hydroelectric dam going into operation in 1882, the utilization of hydroelectricity as a power source has grown constantly; now one of the largest sources of energy supply worldwide.




 
Solar Power

Benefiting from a greatly increased adoption rate for heating and cooling usage in recent years, the use of solar heating is not itself a recent technological advancement. Dating back to 400 B.C.E, Greek people began to orient their homes on the side of hills, allowing them to benefit from daytime heat storage being released at night. With the implementation of glass windows, the Romans further exploited the abilities of sunlight in heating homes. This innovation in Rome also led to the first use of glasshouses for growing plants and seeds with exotic origins. Even with this innovation however, the use of solar power for heating did not undergo any major advancements until more recent centuries.

Only recently becoming one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies, the use of solar power for generating electricity actually has long history of innovation. In 1861, solar energy was first used to generate power with Auguste Mouchout’s steam engine. This engine utilized concentrated solar power with mirrors to produce steam; however, as coal was a much cheaper alternative, this invention was not able to develop further. First recognized for its potential to generate electricity by the French Physicist Edmond Becquere in 1838, the photoelectric effect underwent many studies over the next century without much major notice or commercial success. This even included a study on photovoltaic effects by Albert Einstein in 1905, which won a Nobel Prize in 1921. The actual study of solar cells actually dates back to 1876, when it was discovered that selenium exposed to sunlight could actually generate electricity. It wasn’t until the early 1950’s with the discovery of the silicon cell, that solar power gained truly credible notice for its potential of capturing the sun’s energy. This led to the use of solar cells on satellites in the late 1950’s. After many more decades, the development of solar photovoltaics has finally reached its current state of commercial success and rapid growth.

Thank you for taking the time to learn more about renewable energy - Knowledge Is Power! If there is something else youd like to know write to us at info@endeavorscorp.com and well do our best to address it for you! For more information go to http://www.endeavorscorp.com/ or write to us if you want to get involved. Have a green day!

Sources:Baker, T.L. (n.d). Brief History of Windmills in the New World. Retrieved September 19th from http://www.windmillersgazette.com/history.htmlDodge, D. (2006). Illustrated History of Wind Development. Retrieved September 20th from http://telosnet.com/wind/index.htmlFactsaboutSolarEnergy.com. (2006). Solar Energy History. Retrieved September 20th from http://facts-about-solar-energy.com/solar-energy-history.htmlHistoryofsolarpower.com. (2009). History of Solar Power. Retrieved September 20th from http://historyofsolarpower.com/March, C. (September 2010). On This Day: First Hydroelectric Plant Opens. Retrieved September 20th from http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/September-October-08/On-this-Day--First-Hydroelectric-Plant-Opens.htmlNickolsen, J.W. (n.d). Sailboat History Timeline. Retrieved September 19th from http://www.timeline-help.com/sailboat-history-timeline.htmlParsons, M. (n.d). Ships and Boats of Egypt. Retrieved September 19th from http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/shipsandboats.htmProCon.org. (September 2011).  Historical Timeline: History of Alternative Energy and Fossil Fuels. Retrieved September 16th, 2011 from http://alternativeenergy.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002475Reece, W. (n.d). The History of Solar Power. Retrieved September 20th from http://www.experience.com/alumnus/article?channel_id=energy_utilities&source_page=additional_articles&article_id=article_1130427780670Rickard, J. (May 2007). Battle of Hampton Roads, 8-9 March 1862. Retrieved September 20th , 2011 from http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_hampton_roads.htmlTop-Alternative-Energy-Sources.com. (2008). The History of Solar Power. Retrieved September 20th from http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/history-of-solar-power.htmlTop-Alternative-Energy-Sources.com. (2008). Water Wheel History. Retrieved September 20th from http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/water-wheel-history.html
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Saturday, October 4, 2014

Global Investment in Renewable Energy Italy

Next up on our list of countries with the largest reported investments in renewable energy in 2010 is Italy

The most important renewable energy source in Italy is hydropower which contributes to roughly 16.6% of total gross electricity production of the country. Italy also has large geothermal resources, both high and low temperature.  Italy is considered the most important producer of geothermal electricity in Europe.


Policies

Here are some ways that Italy is trying to increase development in regards to renewable energy:

Italy plans on moving towards a feed-in tariff-based renewable energy rebate scheme, similar to successful models implemented in Germany and Spain.
The government is developing a national building law that will ensure that solar thermal installations are installed in new and refurbished buildings.

Introduced new provisions for renewable power generators. Small generators (up to 1 megawatts) will have the choice between selling their green certificates on the market and receiving a feed-in tariff.


Italy’s Targets for Renewable Energy by 2020 - MW totally installed
Learn more!

Motives 


Italy relies on others to provide 86% of its energy needs, leaving it very dependent on imports and causing a shift towards using more renewable sources.

Italy’s own supplies of natural gas have fallen sharply over the past decade and covered only around 12% of consumption in 2008.

Renewable Energy Availability

 
Italy has long been Europe’s leader in geothermal power, using steam produced by hot rocks several kilometers below the ground.
Larderello’s turbines produced 5.5 terawatt hours last year.
Enel, Italy’s state-controlled power company, will construct a five-megawatt solar-thermal plant that uses innovative technology.

Take a look at how the USA and China compare to Italy!

Stay tuned for more countries coming up!

Thank you for taking the time to learn more about renewable energy - Knowledge Is Power! For more information go to www.endeavorscorp.com or write to us at info@endeavorscorp.com if you have questions or want to get involved. Have a green day!
Sources: EREC, EREC, Economist, EconomistInvitalia, Bloomberg New Energy Finance and United Nations Environment Programme (2011)
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Monday, September 29, 2014

Global Investment in Renewable Energy Czech Republic

The final country on our list of the largest reported investments in renewable energy in 2010 is the Czech Republic
                               

In the Czech Republic, renewable energy is supported through either a guaranteed feed-in tariff or a green bonus paid on top of the market price. System operators are free to choose either option. Furthermore, renewable energy is promoted through several subsidies and an exemption from the tax on income gained from the sale of electricity from renewable sources.



Policies


Here are a few of Czech Republic’s renewable energy policies (click here for more information):

Tax exemption – No income tax is foreseen neither in the year of putting in operation renewable electricity plants nor for the following 5 years.

EU Structural Funds – From 2007, investors in renewable electricity production had the opportunity to obtain aid from the EU’s Structural Funds via the Operational Programmes. The Operational Programme (OP) for 2007-2013 focused, amongst other things, on the construction and restoration of plants using RES.

Motives


The share of renewable energy sources has been increasing, although still below EU average.


Coal is the main energy source for electricity production. The second most important source is nuclear power.

The share of renewable energy sources has also been increasing, although still below EU average.

 


Renewable Energy Availability

Click to see larger image
and for more information.

Gross electricity production from hydro amounted to 2,090 gigawatt-hours while the total installed capacity amounted to 1,031 megawatts.

Gross electricity production from biomass amounted to 968 gigawatt-hours in 2007 (with an annual increment of 237 gigawatt-hours).

Wind plants produced 125.11 gigawatt-hours in 2007. By the end of 2007, 113.8 megawatts of wind power had been installed in the Czech Republic. In 2007, 10 projects with a total capacity of 70.3 megawatts were put into operation.

To learn about the other countries on this list please see our blog archive or take a look at our GREENcyclopedia for much more!
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about renewable energy - Knowledge Is Power! For more information go to www.endeavorscorp.com or write to us at info@endeavorscorp.com if you have questions or want to get involved. Have a green day!
Res-Legal, EREC, EREC, EREC, Endeavorscorp, Bloomberg New Energy Finance and United Nations Environment Programme (2011)
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Tuesday, September 2, 2014

Advantages Of Renewable Sources Of Energy

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